Angular – Form Validation and POST Request

In the previous post, we have created our child modal components and a directive. Now it’s time to use them in our project.

Creating a new owner entity and using our child components and directives is our goal in this post.

If you want to see all the basic instructions and complete navigation for the .NET Core series, check out the following link: Introduction of the .NET Core series.

• Angular Project Preparation
• Navigation and routing
• HTTP, Services and environment files
• Lazy load, showing data on a page
• Error handling
• Child components, @Input, @Output, directive
• Create owner entity and Reactive Form Validation (Current article)
• Update owner
• Delete owner

For the complete navigation and all the basic instructions of the Angular series, check out: Introduction of the Angular series.

The source code is available at GitHub .NET Core, Angular, and MySQL. Part 13 – Source Code

This post is divided into several sections:

• Preparation For the Create Owner Component
• About Form Validation and ReactiveFormsModule
• Angular Form Validation HTML Part
• Angular Form Validation Component Part
• Inspecting Results
• Conclusion

Preparation For the Create Owner Component

Let’s start by creating our component inside the owner folder. To do this, execute the Angular CLI command:

ng g component owner/owner-create --skipTests

Then, we are going to modify the owner module by adding a new route:

{ path: 'create', component: OwnerCreateComponent }

When we click on the “create” link inside the owner-list.component.html file, we want the application to direct us to the creation page.

So, let’s modify the <a> tag inside the owner-list.component.html file:

<a [routerLink]="['/owner/create']">Create owner</a>

About Form Validation and ReactiveFormsModule

Now, we can start writing code to create our entity and to validate the form. There are two types of validation in Angular: template-driven validation and reactive form validation. In our project, we are going to use reactive form validation because it is easier to read an HTML file. Furthermore, it doesn’t make HTML files so much “dirty” with too many code lines and all validation is in the component which makes it easier for maintenance.

Just before modifying our component, we need to modify the owner.module.ts file. Let’s import the ReactiveFormsModule because this is a module that supports the reactive form validation:

import { ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';

imports: [
    CommonModule,
    SharedModule,
    ReactiveFormsModule,

Additionally, we have to create a new interface:

export interface OwnerForCreation {
    name: string;
    dateOfBirth: string;
    address: string;
}

Angular Form Validation Html Part

Modify the owner-create.component.html file:

<div class="container-fluid">
    <form [formGroup]="ownerForm" autocomplete="off" novalidate (ngSubmit)="createOwner(ownerForm.value)">
      <div class="form-horizontal card card-body bg-light mb-2 mt-2">
   
        <div class="form-group row">
          <label for="name" class="control-label col-md-2">Name of the owner: </label>
          <div class="col-md-5">
            <input type="text" formControlName="name" id="name" class="form-control" />
          </div>
          <div class="col-md-5">
            <em *ngIf="validateControl('name') && hasError('name', 'required')">Name is required</em>
            <em *ngIf="validateControl('name') && hasError('name', 'maxlength')">Maximum allowed length is 60 characters.</em>
          </div>
        </div>
   
        <div class="form-group row">
          <label for="dateOfBirth" class="control-label col-md-2">Date of birth: </label>
          <div class="col-md-5">
            <input type="text" formControlName="dateOfBirth" id="dateOfBirth" class="form-control" appDatepicker 
                  (change)="executeDatePicker($event)" readonly/>
          </div>
          <div class="col-md-5">
            <em *ngIf="validateControl('dateOfBirth') && hasError('dateOfBirth', 'required')">Date of birth is required</em>
          </div>
        </div>
   
        <div class="form-group row">
          <label for="address" class="control-label col-md-2">Address: </label>
          <div class="col-md-5">
            <input type="text" formControlName="address" id="address" class="form-control" />
          </div>
          <div class="col-md-5">
            <em *ngIf="validateControl('address') && hasError('address', 'required')">Address is required</em>
            <em *ngIf="validateControl('address') && hasError('address', 'maxlength')">Maximum allowed length is 100 characters.</em>
          </div>
        </div>
   
        <br><br>
   
        <div class="form-group row">
            <div class="offset-5 col-md-1">
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info" [disabled]="!ownerForm.valid">Save</button>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-1">
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" (click)="redirectToOwnerList()">Cancel</button>
            </div>
        </div>
        
      </div>
    </form>
   
    <app-success-modal [modalHeaderText]="'Success message'" 
    [modalBodyText]="'Action completed successfully'" [okButtonText]="'OK'" 
    (redirectOnOK)="redirectToOwnerList()"></app-success-modal>
   
    <app-error-modal [modalHeaderText]="'Error message'" 
    [modalBodyText]="errorMessage" [okButtonText]="'OK'"></app-error-modal>
   
  </div>

Now let’s explain this code. In the form tag, we are creating the formGroup with a name ownerForm. This form group contains all the controls which we need to validate in our form. Moreover, with the (ngSubmit) we are calling a function when a user presses the submit button. As a parameter for that function, we are sending the ownerForm’s value which contains all the controls with the data we need for the validation.

There is a formControlName attribute inside every control. That attribute represents the control name which we are going to validate inside the ownerForm and it is a mandatory attribute. Furthermore, in the <em> tags we are displaying error messages if there are any. Errors will be written on the page only if the functions validateControl() and hasError() return true as a result.

The function validateControl() is going to check if the control is invalid and the hasError() function is going to check which validation rules we are validating against (required, max length…). Both validateControl and hasError functions are our custom functions which we are going to implement in the component file. There is also a submit button that is going to be disabled until form becomes valid and a cancel button which is going to redirect the user away from the creation form.

Child Modals

Furthermore, we import our child modal components inside this form to show success and error messages. As you might remember from the previous post, the success modal had the @Output decorator named redirectOnOk. This @Output decorator is emitting the EventEmmiter and in here we are subscribing to it with the event binding and assigning a function to it. The function redirectToOwnerList() is going to be executed as soon as the user clicks on the OK button from the success modal window.

Excellent, let’s continue on.

Angular Form Validation Component Part

Let’s modify the owner-create.component.ts file:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormControl, FormGroup, Validators } from '@angular/forms';
import { OwnerForCreation } from './../../_interfaces/owner-for-creation.model';
import { ErrorHandlerService } from './../../shared/services/error-handler.service';
import { RepositoryService } from './../../shared/services/repository.service';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';
import { DatePipe } from '@angular/common';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-owner-create',
  templateUrl: './owner-create.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./owner-create.component.css']
})
export class OwnerCreateComponent implements OnInit {
  public errorMessage: string = '';

  public ownerForm: FormGroup;

  constructor(private repository: RepositoryService, private errorHandler: ErrorHandlerService, private router: Router, private datePipe: DatePipe) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.ownerForm = new FormGroup({
      name: new FormControl('', [Validators.required, Validators.maxLength(60)]),
      dateOfBirth: new FormControl('', [Validators.required]),
      address: new FormControl('', [Validators.required, Validators.maxLength(100)])
    });
  }

  public validateControl = (controlName: string) => {
    if (this.ownerForm.controls[controlName].invalid && this.ownerForm.controls[controlName].touched)
      return true;

    return false;
  }

  public hasError = (controlName: string, errorName: string) => {
    if (this.ownerForm.controls[controlName].hasError(errorName))
      return true;

    return false;
  }

  public executeDatePicker = (event) => {
    this.ownerForm.patchValue({ 'dateOfBirth': event });
  }

  public createOwner = (ownerFormValue) => {
    if (this.ownerForm.valid) {
      this.executeOwnerCreation(ownerFormValue);
    }
  }

  private executeOwnerCreation = (ownerFormValue) => {
    const owner: OwnerForCreation = {
      name: ownerFormValue.name,
      dateOfBirth: this.datePipe.transform(ownerFormValue.dateOfBirth, 'yyyy-MM-dd'),
      address: ownerFormValue.address
    }

    const apiUrl = 'api/owner';
    this.repository.create(apiUrl, owner)
      .subscribe(res => {
        $('#successModal').modal();
      },
      (error => {
        this.errorHandler.handleError(error);
        this.errorMessage = this.errorHandler.errorMessage;
      })
    )
  }

  public redirectToOwnerList(){
    this.router.navigate(['/owner/list']);
  }

}

Let’s explain this code. As soon as a component mounts we are initializing our FormGroup variable named ownerForm with all the FormControls. Pay attention that the keys in the ownerForm object are the same as the names in the formControlName attribute for all input fields in a .html file, which is mandatory. Moreover, they have the same name as the properties inside the owner object (address, dateOfBirth, and name).

When instantiating a new form control as a first parameter we are providing the value of control and as a second parameter the Validators array, which holds all the validation rules for our controls.

In the validateControl() method, we are checking if the current control is invalid and touched (we don’t want to show an error if the user didn’t place the cursor inside control at all).  Furthermore, the hasError() function will check which validation rule the current control has violated.

Our dateOfBirth control has the appDatepicker directive, which attaches datepicker inside that input control. Selecting the date won’t patch a value for that control inside the ownerForm, so we need to do that manually inside the executeDataPicker() function.

Creation Process and DatePipe

The createOwner just calls the function that sends the HTTP request to the server. Notice that in this example using the date pipe is not restricted only to HTML files. Of course, to make it work inside a component, we need to import the DatePipe pipe and inject it inside the constructor. We also need to import the DatePipe inside the app.module.ts file and to place it inside the “providers” array.

If you look at the redirectToOwnerList() function, you are going to see the familiar code for navigating back to the previous component. There is another way of doing this by importing the Locationfrom the @angular/common and injecting it inside the constructor and then just calling the back() function on that injected property (location.back()). What you decide to use is totally up to you.

After all, we are extracting values from the ownerForm, and sending a POST request to our server.

Now just modify our root CSS file (styles.css), to show <em> messages with the red color and the bold style and to wrap the inputs in the red color if they are invalid:

em{
    color: #e71515;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.ng-invalid.ng-touched{ 
   border-color: red; 
}

Inspecting Results

Form with required errors:

Form with additional errors:

Valid form:

The owner created successfully:

When you click the OK button, you will be redirected to the owner-list page and the new owner is going to be on the list.

In the ErrorHandler service, we are going to modify the handleOtherError function:

private handleOtherError(error: HttpErrorResponse){
    this.createErrorMessage(error);
    $('#errorModal').modal();
  }

Now if the error other than 500 or 404 appears, we are going to show a modal message to the user:

Conclusion

By reading this post you have learned:

• About different validation types in the Angular
• How to use reactive form validation in the HTML file
• How to use reactive form validation in the component file
• The way to create a new entity on the client-side

Thank you for reading the post, hopefully, it was helpful to you.

In the next part of the series, we are going to write the update part of the project, by sending the POST request towards our server.